The Role of Omega 3 on Triglyceride-Glucose Index As A Marker of Insulin Resistance in Obesity Students: A Clinical Intervention

Obesity in young adults is related to early metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Omega-3 fatty acids have shown potential in improving metabolic health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of omega-3 supplementation on insulin resistance, body composition, and lipid profile in obese university students. A quasi-experimental study was conducted involving 34 obese freshmen, divided into an intervention group (n = 17) receiving 1200 mg/day omega-3 supplementation for 4 weeks, and an education group (n = 17) receiving lifestyle counseling. Anthropometric measurements, body composition (via BIA), fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and the Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Baseline dietary intake was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Omega-3 supplementation led to a significant reduction in the TyG index (∆ = -0.18 ± 0.20; p = 0.002), indicating improved insulin resistance. Significant decreases were also observed in body weight (p = 0.000), BMI (p = 0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.026), fat mass (p = 0.002), and visceral fat (p = 0.008). HDL cholesterol increased significantly (∆ = +5.76 mg/dL; p = 0.004), while fasting glucose decreased (p = 0.007). In contrast, the education group showed no significant changes, and a trend toward increased TyG and LDL. Short-term omega-3 supplementation significantly improved insulin sensitivity, reduced visceral adiposity, and enhanced lipid profiles in obese young adults. These findings support the role of omega-3 as an early and safe nutritional strategy to reduce metabolic risk in obesity.