Effect of Annona muricata Supplementation on PDGF-BB and TNF-α Levels in Rabbit Models After Fogarty Balloon-Induced Vascular Trauma

Fogarty balloon catheterization is widely used in acute limb ischemia (ALI) management but often results in vascular trauma that induces intimal hyperplasia. Pro-inflammatory mediators like TNF-α and PDGF-BB contribute significantly to vascular remodeling. This study aims to investigate whether supplementation of Annona muricata, a tropical medicinal plant known for its anti-inflammatory properties, reduces serum TNF-α and PDGF-BB levels following balloon-induced vascular injury in rabbits. Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four groups: Control (positive), and three treatment groups receiving Annona muricata extract at doses of 50, 200, and 600 mg/kg body weight. Vascular injury was induced via Fogarty catheter in the left common iliac artery. Blood samples were collected before and 28 days after intervention. Serum levels of TNF-α and PDGF-BB were measured via ELISA. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and ANOVA. All treatment groups showed a reduction in TNF-α and PDGF-BB levels compared to baseline, with the highest dose (600 mg/kg) yielding the most significant reduction (p < 0.05). The 200 mg/kg dose also produced a substantial decrease in inflammatory markers (p < 0.05). The control group showed persistently elevated biomarker levels. Supplementation with Annona muricata effectively reduces vascular inflammation following Fogarty balloon injury in a dose-dependent manner. This suggests its potential as a natural therapeutic agent to mitigate post-interventional vascular remodeling.