Associations between Lipid Profile Abnormalities and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Coronary Artery Syndrome: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study

Abnormal lipid profiles, including elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, are linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Their relationships with factors like smoking, hypertension (HT), and diabetes mellitus (DM) may contribute to cardiovascular complications. This study analyzed lipid profile abnormalities in patients with coronary artery syndrome acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and their associations with demographic, clinical, and cardiovascular risk factors. A cross-sectional study of 231 ACS patients assessed their lipid profiles (LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, TG) against demographic (age, weight, gender) and clinical variables (smoking, HT, DM, glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]). Statistical analysis used Pearson correlation and Chi-square tests (p ≤ 0.05). LDL showed no significant associations with smoking, HT, or DM. TG correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.180, p = 0.006) and random blood glucose (r = 0.163, p = 0.013), highlighting metabolic disturbances. HDL correlated positively with weight (r = 0.149, p = 0.024). TG levels were higher in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, while LDL showed no variation across ACS subtypes. These findings emphasize the importance of prioritizing triglyceride management, particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus.